What term refers to the act of giving a judicial ruling?

The term that refers to the act of giving a judicial ruling is adjudication. This process occurs within the context of a legal setting where a judge or jury examines the evidence presented in a case and makes a formal decision or ruling. Adjudication is fundamental in ensuring that disputes are resolved through a structured legal process, adhering to established laws and standards.

In contrast, arbitration and mediation are alternative dispute resolution methods that do not involve judicial rulings. Arbitration involves a neutral third party making a decision after hearing both sides, while mediation focuses on facilitating negotiation between parties to achieve a mutually agreeable solution. Litigation, though it involves adjudication, is a broader term that encompasses the process of taking legal action, which includes filing lawsuits and going through trials, rather than specifically the act of ruling itself.