What is the term used to describe the process of questioning a witness in a trial to undermine their credibility?

The term that accurately describes the process of questioning a witness in a trial to undermine their credibility is "impeachment." Impeachment involves challenging the reliability or truthfulness of a witness through evidence or questioning, which may include highlighting inconsistencies in their testimony, exposing biases, or presenting previous contradictory statements. This formal process is critical in legal proceedings as it helps the jury or judge evaluate the overall credibility of the witness and the weight of their testimony.

While cross-examination can also serve this purpose, it specifically refers to the questioning of a witness by the opposing party after the witness has provided direct testimony. Cross-examination is a tool used during this process but is not synonymous with the act of undermining credibility itself. An affidavit is a sworn written statement used as evidence, and a subpoena is a legal document ordering someone to attend court or produce evidence, neither of which pertain to the act of questioning a witness for credibility purposes.