What is the exemption from certain laws and taxes given to diplomats called?

The exemption from certain laws and taxes given to diplomats is referred to as diplomatic immunity. This principle is a key aspect of international law and stems from treaties, such as the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Diplomatic immunity serves to ensure that diplomats can perform their duties without fear of interference from the host country's laws. This protection includes immunity from civil and criminal jurisdiction, as well as exemptions from certain taxes.

In practice, diplomatic immunity is crucial for maintaining peaceful relations between countries and allowing diplomats to communicate and negotiate without undue pressure or legal harassment from the host nation. It is important to note that while diplomats enjoy these protections, they are expected to respect the laws of the host country, and serious violations can lead to expulsion or other diplomatic consequences.